Conjunctions in English 4 – Conjunctive Adverbs

What is Conjunctive Adverbs?

Conjunctive adverbs join two independent clauses. These can either be two separate sentences, or they can be joined into a single complex sentence with a semicolon.

They (also called linking adverbs or connecting adverbs) are a specific type of conjunction. Conjunctions are used to join together words, phrases, or clauses. they are specifically used to connect two independent clauses.
For example:

• The English language school offers discounted English language courses. There’s also a library where you can study and borrow books.”
• Jen hadn’t enjoyed the play; nevertheless, she recommended it to her friend.

The most common conjunctive adverbs

• Result
• Comparison
• Contrast
• Adding info
• Unexpected result
• Emphasis
• Condition

Result Conjunctive Adverbs

1. The weather forecast predicts rain; accordingly, I will bring my umbrella.
2. Jen hadn’t enjoyed the play; as a result, she didn’t recommend it.
3. The thunder and lightning were intense; consequently, the crowd dispersed.
4. Brian didn’t study for the test; hence, he failed.
5. We had very different opinions; therefore, we went our separate ways.
6. Your mother and I were married fifteen years ago; thus, our family began.

Comparison Conjunctive Adverbs

• Sam always wanted to be a famous movie star; comparatively, his brother wanted to be a famous rock star.
• Sam always wanted to be a movie star; equally, his brother dreamed of starring in films.
• Jen grew up in New York; likewise, her boyfriend was raised in the city.
• Jen grew up in New York City; similarly, her boyfriend grew up in inner-city Chicago.

Contrast – CA

• It was the wettest June since 1997 in England and Wales. Contrarily, the far north of Scotland was dry.
• He didn’t like eating tomatoes as a child; conversely, ketchup is his primary food source today.
• Jen is terrible at math; however, her friend is amazing at it, so she helps her.
• What lies behind you and what lies in front of you, pales in comparison to what lies inside of you.
• Tom has a black backpack; in contrast, his brother has a white one.
• I would have liked to stay in bed all day; instead, I got up and went to the park.
• I absolutely love singing; on the other hand, my sister hates it.
• A lot of my fears come out in my work rather than life.

Adding info – CA

• Her favorite animals are dogs; also, she likes cats.
• I heard this movie is terrible; besides, I hate horror films.”
• When you make the dinner, remember that he doesn’t like chicken; in addition, he can’t eat shellfish.
• Two miles further on we came to a small town.
• He was fired because he was often late; furthermore, the quality of his work was poor.
• Being a doctor is an exhausting job; moreover, you don’t earn good money until you’ve been practicing for many years.

Unexpected result – CA

• That car cost far too much money; nevertheless, Tom bought it.”
• I am terrible at math; nonetheless, I passed my exam!”
• She has never been to France; surprisingly, she speaks French fluently.
• I wrote to them last month and I’m still waiting for a reply.

Emphasis – CA

• I didn’t study as much as I should have; indeed, I hardly opened a book!
• He doesn’t like swimming very much; in fact, he hates all sports!”

Condition

• You have to come with me; otherwise, I’m not going.
• Maybe she didn’t study very hard; otherwise, she would have passed the test.

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